winµÂÓ®: ÖйúʯÓͱ¨£ºÈ«Çòº£ÉÏ·çµç·¢Õ¹ °´Ï¡°¿ì½ø¼ü¡±
·¢²¼Ê±¼ä:2022-04-19 | À´Ô´£ºÖйúʯÓͱ¨ | ä¯ÀÀÁ¿£º
º£ÉÏ·çµçÊǵÍ̼·¢Õ¹ÖØÒªÑ¡Ïî
·çµç×÷Ϊ×îÓдú±íÐԵĿÉÔÙÉúÄÜÔ´Ö®Ò»£¬ÔÚ¾»ÁãÅŷŵı³¾°ÏÂÓÀ´Á˾޴ó·¢Õ¹»úÓö¡£¹ú¼ÊÄÜÔ´Êð£¨IEA£©ºÍ¹ú¼Ê¿ÉÔÙÉúÄÜÔ´»ú¹¹£¨IRENA£©¶¼±íʾ£¬ÒªÊµÏÖ¾»ÁãÅÅ·Å£¬µ½2050Äê·çÄܺÍÌ«ÑôÄÜ¡¢¹â·ü·¢µç½«ÌṩԼ70%µÄ·¢µçÁ¿¡£Î´À´Õ⼸ÖÖ¼¼Êõ½«´ó·ùÀ©´ó¹æÄ£ÒÔʵÏÖËùÐèµÄÉî¶È¼õÅÅ¡£
º£ÉÏ·çµç×÷Ϊ·çµçµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸½üº£·çµç¡£Ó뽵طçµçÏà±È£¬Ëü¾ßÓÐÎȶ¨ÐÔÇ¿¡¢·çËÙ´ó¡¢·¢µçЧÂʸߡ¢²»Õ¼ÓÃÍÁµØ¡¢¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔÔëÉùºÍÊÓ¾õÓ°ÏìµÈÓŵ㡣´ÓÏÖÔÚµ½2050Ä꣬º£ÉÏ·çµç½«³ÉΪȫÇòÍÑ̼µÄºËÐÄ£¬´Ó»ù´¡ÉèÊ©¼°Áé»îÐԵȷ½Ãæ¸Ä±äµçÁ¦ÏµÍ³£¬²¢ÌáÉýÇâÆøµÈÂÌɫȼÁϵIJúÁ¿¡£
Ãæ¶ÔǰËùδÓеĻ·¾³Î£»ú£¬ÊÀ½ç¶ÔÄÜԴϵͳ±ä¸ïÓÐ×ÅÇ¿ÁҵĹ²Ê¶£¬¸÷¹ú¶Ôº£ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓ¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬Å·ÖÞ¡¢ÑÇÖÞ¡¢±±ÃÀÖ޵ȵØÇøµÄÖ÷Òª¹ú¼Ò¾ùÒѳǫ̈º£ÉÏ·çµç·¢Õ¹¹æ»®¼°Ïà¹ØÕþ²ß¡£ÆäÖУ¬Ó¢¹ú¡¢µÂ¹ú¡¢·¨¹ú¡¢ºÉÀ¼µÈÅ·ÖÞ¹ú¼ÒÑÓÐøÀúÊ··çµçÀûºÃÕþ²ß£¬¾ù²¿ÊðÁ˵½2030ÄêµÄÊýÊ®¼ªÍßÁ¿¼¶×°»ú¹æ»®£»ÃÀ¹úÐÂÕþ¸®Ò²Ìá¸ßÁ˶Ժ£ÉÏ·çµç²¿ÊðµÄÕ½ÂÔ¹Ø×¢¶È£¬¼Æ»®Î´À´ÔÚÎå´óÁìÓòÖØµã·¢Á¦£¬ÒÔʵÏÖ2030ÄêÀÛ¼Æ×°»ú´ïµ½30¼ªÍßµÄÄ¿±ê£»ÔÚÑÇÖÞ£¬¹ýÈ¥º£ÉÏ·çµçµÄ·¢Õ¹Ö÷ÒªÓÉÎÒ¹úÇý¶¯£¬¶øº«¹ú¡¢ÈÕ±¾¡¢Ô½ÄϽüÄêÀ´Ò²¼Ó¿ìÁ˲¼¾Ö£¬µ½2030Äê×°»ú¹æ»®ºÏ¼Æ³¬25¼ªÍß¡£´ËÍ⣬°ÍÎ÷¡¢°Ä´óÀûÑǵȹú½üÆÚÒ²ÔÚ³öÌ¨ÍÆ¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç·¢Õ¹µÄÕþ²ß´ëÊ©¡£
Ëæ×Ÿ÷¹úÕþ²ßÍÆ¶¯£¬º£ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµ¹æÄ£¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£¸ù¾ÝÈ«Çò·çÄÜÀíÊ»ᣨGWEC£©·¢²¼µÄ¡¶È«Çò·çÄܱ¨¸æ2022¡·£¬2021ÄêÈ«Çòº£ÉÏ·çµçÐÂÔö×°»ú21.1¼ªÍߣ¬´´ÔìÁËÀúÊ·×îºÃ³É¼¨¡£
ËäÈ»µ±Ç°º£ÉÏ·çµçÔÚÈ«ÇòµçÁ¦×°»ú×ÜÁ¿ÖÐÕ¼±È²»µ½0.5%£¬µ«º£ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµ¾ßÓÐÇ¿´óµÄ·¢Õ¹Ç±Á¦¡£È«ÇòÓµÓзḻµÄº£ÉÏ·çÄÜ×ÊÔ´£¬ÊÀ½çÒøÐÐÊý¾Ý±íÃ÷£¬È«Çò¿ÉÓõĺ£ÉÏ·çµç×ÊԴDZÁ¦³¬¹ý71000¼ªÍß¡£¸ù¾ÝGWECÔ¤²â£¬ÑÇÖÞ½«³ÉΪÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÖØÒªµÄº£ÉÏ·çµçµØÇø£¬µ½2050Ä꽫ӵÓнü40%µÄ°²×°Á¿£¬Æä´ÎÊÇÅ·ÖÞ£¨32%£©¡¢±±ÃÀ£¨18%£©¡¢À¶¡ÃÀÖÞ£¨6%£©¡¢Ì«Æ½ÑóµØÇø£¨4%£©ÒÔ¼°·ÇÖÞºÍÖж«£¨2%£©¡£
È«Çòº£ÉÏ·çµç¶àµã¿ª»¨²úÄÜÔ¾Éý
º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ¿É·ÖΪµ×²¿¹Ì¶¨º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼ÊõºÍ¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ£¬¶þÕßµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚ·çµç»úÏò´óº£ÑÓÉìµÄ¾àÀëÒÔ¼°µ×²¿ÊÇ·ñ¹Ì¶¨¡£µ±Ç°£¬µ×²¿¹Ì¶¨º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ²½Èë¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹ÆÚ£¬·çµç³¡½¨ÉèÉæ¼°µÄÖØÒª¼¼Êõ£¨°üÀ¨£ºº£ÉÏ·çÁ¦ÎÐÂÖ»ú¼¼Êõ¡¢Êäµç¼¼Êõ¡¢²¢Íø¼¼ÊõµÈ£©¶¼ÔÚ²»¶Ï´´Ð½ø²½¡£Ïà±ÈÓڵײ¿¹Ì¶¨º£ÉÏ·çµç£¬¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµçÏò´óº£ÑÓÉì¾àÀ볤£¬¼¼ÊõÒªÇó¸ü¸ß£¬¾ß±¸¸üºÃµÄ·çÄÜ×ÊÔ´ºÍ¸ü´óµÄ¼¼ÊõDZÁ¦£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚ´´Ôì¾ÍÒµµÈÉç»á¾¼ÃÐ§Òæ¡£×îÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¿ÉÒÔÈÃʯÓͺÍÌìÈ»ÆøÐÐÒµ²ÎÓë½øÀ´£¬ÒÔÍê³ÉƽÎȵÄÄÜԴתÐÍ¡£µ«ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£¬Ä¿Ç°¸¡×ÓÉú²ú»¹Ã»ÓÐʵÏÖ¹¤Òµ»¯£¬¸Õ¸Õ½øÈëÉÌÒµ»¯·¢Õ¹½×¶Î¡£
µ±Ç°£¬´ÓÈ«Çò·¶Î§¿´£¬º£ÉÏ·çµçµÄ²¼¾ÖÖ÷Òª·Ö²¼ÔÚÅ·ÖÞ¡¢ÑÇÖÞ¼°±±ÃÀÖÞ¡£ÆäÖУ¬Öйú¡¢Ó¢¹ú¡¢Å·ÃË¡¢º«¹ú¡¢Ô½ÄÏ¡¢ÃÀ¹úµÈ¹ú¼ÒºÍµØÇøµÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ¼°²úÒµ·¢Õ¹Ë®Æ½´¦ÓÚÊÀ½çǰÁС£ÓÉÓÚº£ÉÏ·çÄÜ×ÊÔ´¼°¼¼Êõ»ù´¡µÄ²îÒ죬¸÷¹úµÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ·¢Õ¹Ë®Æ½¡¢×°»úÈÝÁ¿ÒÔ¼°ÉÏÍøµç¼Û²»¾¡Ïàͬ¡£
ÎÒ¹úÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×î´óµÄ½ÉÏ·çµçÖÆÔì»ùµØ£¬ÓµÓгÉÊìµÄ±¾µØ¹©Ó¦Á´ºÍ·á¸»µÄ½ÉÏ·çµç¾Ñé¡£µÃÒæÓÚÎȽ¡µÄ½ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´ºÍ½üÈýÄêÄê×°»úÁ¿µÄ¿ìËÙÔö³¤£¬ÎÒ¹úµÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´·¢Õ¹Ñ¸ËÙ¡£Æù½ñΪֹ£¬Ã÷ÑôÖÇÄÜ¡¢¶«·½µçÆøµÈ8¼ÒÖйú·ç»úÖ÷»ú³§·¢²¼ÁË5Õ×ÍßÒÔÉϵĺ£ÉÏ·ç»ú¡£¸ù¾ÝÐÐÒµÑо¿»ú¹¹Åí²©ÐÂÄÜÔ´²Æ¾£¨BNEF£©¹«²¼µÄ¡¶2021ÄêÈ«Çò·çµçÕû»úÖÆÔìÉÌÊг¡·Ý¶îÅÅÃû¡·£¬È«Çòǰʮ´ó·çµçÕû»úÖÆÔìÉÌÖУ¬ÖйúÆóÒµÕ¼¾ÝÁùϯ¡£GWEC±¨¸æÏÔʾ£¬2021Ä꣬Öйúº£ÉÏ·çµçÐÂÔö²¢Íø×°»úÁ¿Õ¼È«ÇòÐÂÔö×ÜÁ¿µÄ80%£¬ÕâÒ²ÈÃÖйúÊ״γÉΪȫÇòº£ÉÏ·çµçÀÛ¼Æ×°»ú×î¶àµÄ¹ú¼Ò¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÖйú·çµçÐÂÔö×°»úÁ¿Á¬ÐøµÚËÄÄê¾ÓÈ«ÇòÊ×λ¡£
¹ØÓÚÉÏÍøµç¼Û£¬¸ù¾ÝÎÒ¹ú¡°Ê®ËÄÎ塱Ïà¹Ø¹æ»®£¬2021¡ª2025ÄêÆÚ¼ä£¬º£ÉÏ·çµçµç¼Û½«Í¨¹ýÍËÆÂÖÆ¶È£¬ÔÚ2025ÄêʵÏÖÆ½¼Û¡£Ëæ×Źú¼ÒºÍÊ¡Êм¶µØ·½Õþ²ßµÄÖ§³Ö£¬ÒÔ¼°º£ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµ¼¼ÊõµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬ÔÚ²»¾ÃµÄ½«À´£¬Öйú·çµçÊг¡·¢Õ¹ÓÐÍûÔÙÉÏÐĄ̂½×¡£
×÷Ϊ×îÔ粿Êðº£ÉÏ·çµçµÄµØÇø£¬Å·ÖÞ¾Û¼¯Á˴󲿷ֺ£ÉÏ·çµçµÄ×°»ú£¬µ½2020Äêµ×£¬Å·Ö޵ĺ£ÉÏ·çÁ¦·¢µç×°»úÈÝÁ¿Àۼƴﵽ24.8¼ªÍߣ¬Ô¼Õ¼È«Çòº£ÉÏ·çµç×°»úÈÝÁ¿µÄ70.37%¡£Å·ÖÞ¸÷¹úͨ¹ý¹ú¼Ò¼°¾Ñé·á¸»µÄÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕßÖ®¼äµÄÃÜÇкÏ×÷£¬ÔÚ±±º£ºÍ²¨Â޵ĺ£Öܱ߹ú¼Ò½¨Á¢ÁËÇ¿´óµÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´¡£ÆäÖУ¬Ó¢¹ú×÷Ϊº£ÉÏ·çÄܵÄÁìµ¼ÕßÖ®Ò»£¬Í¨¹ýCfD¼Æ»®ÓÐЧ¸ÉÔ¤µçÁ¦Êг¡£¬¼«´ó´Ù½øÁ˺£ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´µÄ½¨Éè¡£2016ÄêÖÁ2021ÄêÆÚ¼ä£¬Ó¢¹úº£ÉÏ·çµçͶ×Ê×ܶî½Ó½ü190ÒÚÓ¢°÷£»2019ÄêÓ¢¹úº£ÉÏ·çÄܲúÆ·ºÍ·þÎñ³ö¿Ú¼ÛֵʵÏÖ4.75ÒÚÓ¢°÷£¬²¢ÔÚ2021Ä꿪Æô¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¼Æ»®£¬Ä¿±êÔÚ2030Äê°²×°1¼ªÍ߸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç²úÄÜ¡£
Å·ÃËÊǺ£ÉÏ·çµç×Ü×°»úÈÝÁ¿×î´óµÄ×éÖ¯£¬ÆäÖе¹ú¡¢ºÉÀ¼¡¢±ÈÀûʱ¡¢µ¤ÂóµÈ¹ú¼ÒµÄ×°»úÈÝÁ¿¶¼Î»ÓÚÊÀ½çǰÁС£³ÉÔ±¹úÖ®¼äµÄÏ໥ºÏ×÷£¬½¨Á¢ÁËÎȶ¨µÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´¡£2020Ä꣬ŷÃËίԱ»áÌá³öº£ÉÏ¿ÉÔÙÉúÄÜÔ´Õ½ÂÔ£¬É趨Á˵½2050Ä꺣ÉÏ·çµç×°»úÈÝÁ¿´ïµ½300¼ªÍßµÄÄ¿±ê£»Í¬Ä껹¿ª·¢Á˸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç×ÊÖúÏîÄ¿£¬Äâ¶Ô¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çÁ¦ÎÐÂÖ»ú½øÐÐÑо¿¡£
Å·ÖÞµØÇøÓÐ×ÅÇ¿´óµÄº£ÉÏ·çµç¹©Ó¦Á´£¬ÔÚÕþ²ßºÍÏîÄ¿ÍÆ¶¯Ï£¬Å·ÖÞµØÇøº£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ½«»á³¤ÆÚ±£³ÖÁìÏȵØÎ»£¬Î´À´Ê®ÄêÓÐÍûÔÚ¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼ÊõÁìÓòÈ¡µÃÍ»ÆÆ¡£
ÃÀ¹ú¡¢º«¹ú¡¢Ô½ÄÏ¡¢ÈÕ±¾µÈ¹ú¼ÒµÄº£ÉÏ·çµçÊг¡·Ý¶îÏà¶Ô½ÏС£¬½ØÖÁ2020Äêµ×£¬ÉÏÊö¹ú¼Òº£ÉÏ·çµç×Ü×°»úÈÝÁ¿ÔÚÈ«ÇòÊг¡Õ¼±È²»×ã2%¡£µ«ÔÚ̼ÖкÍÄ¿±êµÄÓ°ÏìÏ£¬ÕâЩ¹ú¼ÒĿǰ¾ùÒÑÖÆ¶¨º£ÉÏ·çµç·¢Õ¹¹æ»®£¬Ô¤¼ÆÎ´À´ÈýÊ®ÄêÄܹ»ÊµÏÖ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£
¼¼ÊõÍ»ÆÆ½«³ÉΪδÀ´·¢Õ¹¡°Ö÷½Ç¡±
º£ÉÏ·çÄܱ»¹«ÈÏΪʵÏÖÄÜԴתÐÍÓë̼Öк͵ÄÖØÒªÔØÌ壬µ«ÆäδÀ´·¢Õ¹»¹ÃæÁÙÖî¶àÌôÕ½¡£¾¡¹Üº£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼ÊõÒѾȡµÃ¾Þ´ó½ø²½£¬º£ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµ½øÈë¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹ÆÚ£¬µ«Î´À´ÈýÊ®ÄêÈÔÈ»ÐèҪǰËùδÓеIJ¿Êð¹æÄ££¬ÆäδÀ´·¢Õ¹ÈÔÃæÁÙ¼Ó¿ìÍ»ÆÆ¼¼ÊõÆ¿¾±¡¢¼ÓËÙ¹¤Òµ¹©Ó¦Á´¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹ÒÔ¼°½µµÍ³É±¾µÈ¶à·½ÃæÌôÕ½¡£
¸ù¾Ýº£ÉÏ·çÄÜ×ÊÔ´ÌØÕ÷£¬¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ²ÅÊÇÍÚ¾òº£ÉÏ·çÄÜ£¬ÖúÁ¦¾»ÁãÅÅ·Å×îÀíÏëµÄ¼¼Êõ¡£µ±Ç°£¬¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼Êõ¸Õ¸Õ×ß¹ý²âÊÔÆÚ£¬½øÈëÉÌÒµ»¯·¢Õ¹½×¶Î£¬¼¼ÊõÄѹØÈÔÈ»ÊǺ£ÉÏ·çµçÃæÁÙµÄÖ÷ÒªÌôÕ½¡£¼Ó¿ìÍ»ÆÆ¼¼ÊõÆ¿¾±£¬´Ù½ø¸¡¶¯º£ÉÏ·çµç¹æÄ£»¯¡¢¹¤Òµ»¯£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÐЧ½µµÍÆä³É±¾¡£
´ËÍ⣬µ±Ç°ÎÐÂÖ»ú¼¼ÊõÔÚ²»¶Ï´´Ð£¬ÎÐÂÖ»ú³ß´çÒ²ÔÚ²»¶ÏÔö¼Ó£¬ÕâʹµÃÎÐÂÖ»úÊýÁ¿¼õÉÙ£¬Ð§Âʸü¸ß£¬ÐèÒªµÄά»¤¸üÉÙ£¬Òò´Ë½µµÍÁ˰²×°ºÍÔËÓª³É±¾£¬¶Ô»·¾³Ò²²úÉúÁ˸ü»ý¼«µÄÓ°Ï죬½øÒ»²½Ìá¸ßÁ˺£ÉÏ·çµçµÄ³É±¾¾ºÕùÁ¦¡£
Ãæ¶Ô»·¾³Ñ¹Á¦£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶à¹ú¼ÒÒâʶµ½º£ÉÏ·çµç¼¼ÊõµÄÖØÒªÐÔ²¢¿ªÊ¼Öð½¥½øÈ뺣ÉÏ·çµç²úÒµ£¬Îªº£ÉÏ·çµç¹¤Òµ¹©Ó¦Á´µÄÐγɴòÏÂÁ¼ºÃ»ù´¡¡£ÔÚ¹ú¼Ò²ãÃæ£¬Öйú¡¢Ó¢¹úµÈ¹ú¼Ò×öÁËÁ¼ºÃµÄʾ·¶£¬Î´À´ÈÔÐè²ÉÈ¡½øÒ»²½´ëÊ©À´Íƽø¹©Ó¦Á´µÄÍêÉÆ¡£
£¨ÖйúʯÓÍ´óѧ£¨±±¾©£©¾¼Ã¹ÜÀíѧԺ Óí´ºÏ¼ ÁºÒø·ï£©

ÏêÇé¼ûÁ´½Ó£ºhttp://app.zgsyb.com.cn/paper/c/202204/19/c182367.html
£¨±à¼ Àîê¿Ñô£©
